Philosophy

The Republic 《理想国》 Plato In this dialogue, Socrates and others ask what justice is, and end up constructing an ideal city, a theory of the soul, the allegory of the cave… Philosophy Classic Index 97

Tao Te Ching 《道德经》 Laozi A short, aphoristic text in eighty-one sections, it presents a way of life and of governance based on wu wei — non-coercive action — softness, and… Philosophy Classic Index 97

The Analects 《论语》 Confucius A collection of brief records of Confucius’ sayings and exchanges with disciples, centered on self-cultivation, ritual propriety, humane conduct… Philosophy Classic Index 97

Meditations 《沉思录》 Marcus Aurelius These are the private notes of a Roman emperor, written to himself and never intended for publication, working through Stoic principles of… Philosophy Classic Index 96

Nicomachean Ethics 《尼各马可伦理学》 Aristotle Aristotle inquires into what makes a human life go well, developing the idea of happiness as activity in accordance with virtue, the doctrine of the… Philosophy Classic Index 95

Thus Spoke Zarathustra 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》 Friedrich Nietzsche This is a philosophical poem in which Zarathustra announces that God is dead, teaches the overman and the eternal return, and challenges readers to… Philosophy Classic Index 94

The Myth of Sisyphus 《西西弗神话》 Albert Camus Camus begins with a question that admits no evasion: whether life is worth living is the first problem philosophy must face. Refusing both the… Philosophy Classic Index 92

Letters from a Stoic 《道德书简》 Seneca Written as letters to his friend Lucilius, the essays of Seneca take up time, fear, wealth, death, and self-discipline one at a time. Rather than… Philosophy Classic Index 91

What Are You Doing with Your Life? 《人生中不可不想的事》 Jiddu Krishnamurti Krishnamurti circles back to the links among education, ambition, fear, and freedom, arguing that real change begins with direct observation of how… Philosophy Classic Index 84

Philosophy 2013 Religion Without God Ronald Dworkin Religion Without God 《没有上帝的宗教》 Ronald Dworkin A religious sensibility without God, and the case for objective value. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 2006 The God Delusion Richard Dawkins The God Delusion 《上帝的错觉》 Richard Dawkins Militant atheism and a full dismantling of traditional religion. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 2012 Mind and Cosmos Thomas Nagel Mind and Cosmos 《心灵和宇宙》 Thomas Nagel Doubts about materialism and reductionism, and a case for studying mind. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 1951 The Wisdom of Insecurity Alan Watts The Wisdom of Insecurity 《心安》 Alan Watts Zen and Western metaphysics as ways out of anxiety. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 2007 The Stillborn God Mark Lilla The Stillborn God 《夭折的上帝》 Mark Lilla Political theology, the Enlightenment, and the modern West. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 2013 Just Babies Paul Bloom Just Babies 《善恶之源》 Paul Bloom What infants reveal about morality and the making of universal values. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy c. 371 BC Memorabilia Xenophon Memorabilia 《回忆苏格拉底》 Xenophon Recollections of Socrates' character and conversations. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 2010 The Hemlock Cup Bettany Hughes The Hemlock Cup 《毒堇之杯》 Bettany Hughes Reconstructing Socrates' Athens and the crowd's readiness to condemn. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy Arthur Schopenhauer 一个悲观主义者的积极思考 《一个悲观主义者的积极思考》 Arthur Schopenhauer Pessimist philosophy as practical wisdom for everyday life. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy c. 52 BC On the Laws Cicero On the Laws 《论法律》 Cicero Unjust law, natural law, and what justice actually is. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 1921 The Story of Mankind Hendrik Willem van Loon The Story of Mankind 《人类的故事》 Hendrik Willem van Loon A humanist telling of civilization as one shared human story. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy Hermann Hesse 阅读是安静的自我觉醒 《阅读是安静的自我觉醒》 Hermann Hesse Active reading, sustained attention, and the nourishment of the mind. Philosophy AZM's list

Philosophy 1818 The World as Will and Representation Arthur Schopenhauer The World as Will and Representation 《作为意志和表象的世界》 Arthur Schopenhauer The visible world is mere representation; reality itself is blind will. Philosophy XMS's list

Philosophy 1781 Critique of Pure Reason Immanuel Kant Critique of Pure Reason 《纯粹理性批判》 Immanuel Kant How our cognitive structure bounds reason, dividing appearance from things in themselves. Philosophy XMS's list

Philosophy Symposium Plato Symposium 《会饮篇》 Plato Banquet speeches on the nature of Eros and the ascent of the soul. Philosophy XMS's list

Philosophy 1739 A Treatise of Human Nature David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature 《人性论》 David Hume Challenging causal necessity: causation as nothing but a habit of the mind. Philosophy XMS's list

The Human Condition 《人的境况》 Hannah Arendt Human beings build their world through labor, work, and action Philosophy Daily Pick

Meditations on First Philosophy 《第一哲学沉思集》 René Descartes Using universal doubt as a method to find an indubitable foundation for knowledge Philosophy Daily Pick

De Anima (On the Soul) 《论灵魂》 Aristotle The soul is not a passenger inside the body but the very activity of being alive in an organ-bearing body Philosophy Daily Pick

Philosophy 1953 Philosophical Investigations Ludwig Wittgenstein Philosophical Investigations 《哲学研究》 Ludwig Wittgenstein Meaning lives in use, not in the head: how Wittgenstein's language games dissolved philosophy's most stubborn illusions Philosophy Daily Pick

Ethics 《伦理学》 Baruch Spinoza There is only one substance: how Spinoza used geometry to show that God is Nature and freedom lies in understanding necessity Philosophy Daily Pick